汽车传动系统外文翻译_汽车传动系统外文翻译

离合器位于发动机与变速器之间，是发动机与变速器动力传递的“开关”，它是一种既能传递动力，又能切断动力的传动机构。它的作用主要是保证汽车能平稳起步，变速换

双离合变速箱(DCT)

挡时减轻变速齿轮的冲击载荷并防止传动系过载。在一般汽车上，汽车换档时通过离合器分离与接合实现，在分离与接合之间就有动力传递暂时中断的现象。这在普通汽车上没有什么影响，但在争分夺秒的赛车上，如果离合器掌握不好动力跟不上，车速就会变慢，影响成绩。

为了解决这个问题，早在上世纪80年代，汽车工程界就弄出了一个双离合系统变速器，简称DSG（英文全称：Direct Shift Gearbox），装配在赛车上，能消除换档离合时的动力传递停滞现象。例如 布加迪EBl6.4 Veyron的新型7速变速器是装置了双离合器，从一个档位换到另一个档位，时间不会超过0.2秒。现在，这种双离合器已经从赛车应用到一般跑车上。奥迪汽车公司的新型奥迪TT跑车和新奥迪A3都已经装置了这种DSG。这些汽车装配DSG的目的是可以比自动变速器更加平顺地换档，不会有迟滞现象。

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结构

双离合变速箱（DCT）也称直接换挡变速箱（DSG）。算下来它也有近70年的历史，但很长一段时间内这种变速箱并不为人所知，而真正应用在量产车上也是不久以前的事情。双离合变速箱优势很明显，但其内部结构相比下非常复杂。首先它有两组离合器分别由电子控制并由液压系统推动，而两组离合器分别对应两组行星齿轮，这样传动轴也相应复杂的被分为两部分，中心的实心传动轴负责一组齿轮，而空心传动轴负责另一组。可见双离合的内部构造几乎彻底颠覆了传统的变速箱形式。

双离合变速箱的工作原理可以简单理解为一个离合器对应奇数挡，另一离合器对应偶数挡。当车辆挂入一个挡位时，另一个离合器及对应的下一个挡位已经位于预备状态，只要当

双离合变速箱(DCT)

前挡位分离就可以立刻接合下一个挡位，因此双离合变速箱的换挡速度要比一般的自动变速箱甚至手动变速箱还快。此外双离合变速箱虽然内部复杂，但实际体积和重量相比自动变速箱而言并没有比手动变速箱增加多少，因此装备双离合变速箱的车型不会为自己平添过多的负担。

目前国内在售的装备双离合变速箱的车型屈指可数，具代表性的是大众旗下的迈腾、GTI、EOS以及尚酷，而装备双离合变速箱的速腾及朗逸也会在不久的将来上市。此外沃尔沃S40也有双离合版本。而保时捷的众多车型也都采用了双离合变速箱。

奥迪这种双离合系统变速器是一个整体，有6个档位，离合器与变速器装配在同一机构内，两个离合器互相配合工作。这好比喻一辆车有两套离合器，正司机控制一套，副司机控制另一套。正司机挂上1档松开离合踏板起步时，这时副司机也预先挂上2档但踩住离合踏板；当车速上来准备换档，正司机踩住离合踏板的同时副司机即松开离合踏板，2档开始工作。这样就省略了档位空置的一刹那，动力传递连续，有点象接力赛。双离合系统两套离合器传动系统，通过电脑控制协调工作。

当汽车正常行驶的时候，一个离合器与变速器中某一档位相连，将发动机动力传递到驱动轮；电脑根据汽车速度和转速对驾驶者的换档意图做出判断，预见性地控制另一个离合器与另一个档位的齿轮组相连，但仅处于准备状态，尚未与发动机动力相连。换档时第1个离合器断开，同时第2个离合器将所相连的齿轮组与发动机接合。除了空档之外，一个离合器处于关闭状态，另一个离合器则处于打开状态。

两根传动轴分别由第一、第二离合器控制与发动机动力的连接与断开，分别负责1、3、5档和2、4、6档的档位变换。考虑到零件使用寿命，设计人员选择了油槽膜片式离合器，离合器动作由液压系统来控制。

DSG变速器有什么优势呢？DSG变速器主要是要满足消费者对驾驶感觉和车辆节油的双重要求，为喜欢手动变速器的驾驶者提供了最佳选择。配备了DSG的发动机由于快速的齿轮转换能够马上产生牵引力和更大的灵活性，加速时间比手动变速器更加迅捷。

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优点

动力传输连贯 效率较

缺点 结构复杂 现阶段制造成本较高

英文

The clutch is located in engine and transmission between engine and transmission power transfer "switch", it is a kind already can transmit power, and can cut off power transmission mechanism. Its major functions is to guarantee the car can smooth start, variable speed change

Double on-off gearbox (DCT)

Block transmission gears when reduce the impact load and prevent transmission overload. In general bus, auto shift by clutch separation and joints when, in separation and realize between mating have power transfer temporary interruption phenomenon. In the ordinary bus no effect, but the clock in your car, if the clutch master bad power behind the speed will slow, affect scores.

In order to solve this problem, the early 1980s, the automotive engineering will make a double clutch system transmission, abbreviation vehicles.the (English name: Direct Shift Gearbox), assembly on the car, can eliminate shifting clutch of power transfer stagnation phenomenon. For example BuJiaDi EBl6.4 Veyron new 7 speed transmission is the device for double clutch, from a gear change to another gear, time can't exceed 0.2 seconds. Now, the double clutch has been applied to general from racing cars. Audi car company's new audi TT sports car and the new audi A3 have device the vehicles.the. These car assembly vehicles.the purpose is can more smoothly than automatic transmission gear shift, won't have hysteresis phenomenon.

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structure

Double on-off gearbox (DCT) also called directly shift gearbox (vehicles.the). Count down it also has the nearly 70 years of history, but for a very long time and this gearbox are unknown, and the genuine used in mass production car is not long ago things. Double on-off gearbox advantages obviously, but its internal structure by comparison is very complicated. First of all it has two clutches respectively by electronic control and push by hydraulic system, and two clutches corresponding two groups of planetary gear transmission, so also corresponding complex is divided into two parts, the center of solid shaft is responsible for a set of gear, and hollow shaft responsible for another group. Visible double re-rotating the internal structure of the almost overturned thoroughly traditional gearbox form.

The working principle of double on-off gearbox can be simple understanding for a clutch corresponding odd block, another clutch corresponding even block. When the vehicle hangs in a block, another clutch and corresponding next shift has been located in preparation condition, when

Double on-off gearbox (DCT)

Former gears separation is immediately jointing next shift gearbox, accordingly double on-off shift speed than the average gearbox even manual gearbox faster. Besides double on-off gearbox although internal complex, but the actual volume and weight compared with automatic transmission character and not how much more than manual gearbox, therefore equipment double on-off gearbox models not smooth too burdensome for himself.

At present domestic in the sale equipment double on-off gearbox models numbered, representative is public its Wallace GTI, EOS leaps, and still cool and equipped with double on-off gearbox soar team and loungyee will also listed in the near future. In addition S40 also have double Volvo re-rotating version. And many of the cars are porsche adopted dual on-off gearbox.

Audi the double clutch system transmission is a whole, there have been six gear, clutch and transmission assembly at the same facility, two clutch cooperate each other work. This good metaphor a car had two sets of clutch, are driver control a set, vice driver control another set. Are the driver hang 1 file loosen clutch pedal started, the deputy drivers advance hang pot 2 but trample clutch pedal, When the speed up ready to shift and are driver trample clutch pedal while vice driver namely loosen clutch pedal, second gear began to work. Thus omitted rotary-switching empty flash, continuous power transfer, and a bit like the relay race. Double clutch system two sets of clutch transmission system, through computer control coordination work.

When the automobile driving in a normal, a clutch and transmission of a gear are linked together, the engine power transfer to the drive wheels, Computer based on the speed and speed for driver shifting intention judgement, foresight to control another clutch with another gear gears connected, but only is in the ready state, has not yet connected with engine power. Shift when first clutch disconnect, at the same time the first 2 clutch will have connected gears and engine joint. Besides, a clutch except gap is closed, another clutch is in the open.

Two root transmission shaft respectively by first and second clutch to control and engine power connection and disconnected, are respectively responsible for 1, 3, 5 files and 2, 4 and 6 shifting gear transform. Considering the parts service life, the designer chose tanker diaphragm type clutch, clutch action by the hydraulic system to control.

What's the advantage of vehicles.the transmission? Vehicles.the transmission is mainly to consumer demand for driving sensation and vehicle fuel-efficient double request, for manual transmission drivers like provides the best choice. Equipped with vehicles.the engine because of fast gear conversion can arise immediately traction and greater flexibility, acceleration time than manual transmission more quick.

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advantages

Power transmission coherent with higher efficiency

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faults

Car parts

Engine

The engine is a power plant, which provides power to drive the automobile．

In most automobile engines，the explosive power of the mixture of air and gasoline drives the pistons．The pistons turn a crankshaft to which they are attached The rotating force of the crankshaft makes the automobile’s wheels turn．

Some automobiles are powered by another kind of engine，known as the rotary valve，rotating combustion engine or Wankel engine The rotary valve engine also draws in a mixture of air and fuel, which is then compressed and burnt．A motor revolving in an elliptical chamber is connected to a shaft，Which finally drives the rear wheels．In most automobiles．the engine is mounted at the front end of the car，with the clutch and gearbox immediately behind it；the engine, clutch and gearbox are assembled into a single unit

Suspension System

The function of the suspension system is to absorb vibrations due to the up and down motion of wheels．caused by the irregularities in the road surface . The springs, connecting linkages．and shock absorber comprise the suspension system of a vehicle．The suspension system is of two types:

(1)Rigid system

(2)Independent system

In the rigid system, the road springs are attached to a rigid beam axle. It is mostly used in the front axle of commercial vehicles and in the car axle of all types of vehicles.

The independent system does not have a rigid axle. Each wheel is free to move vertically without any reaction on its mating wheel. The independent system is mostly used in small cars

Power Train

The power train carries the power that the engine produces to the car wheels. It consists of the clutch (on cars with a manual transmission), transmission (a system of gears that increases the turning effort of the engine to move the automobile ),drive shaft, differential and rear axle.

Clutch

A clutch is required with the manual transmission system to temporarily disconnect the engine from wheels. Such disengagement of the power train from the engine is essential while changing the gear ratio or while stopping the vehicle.

Transmission

The main function of the transmission is to provide the necessary variation to the torque applied by the engine to the wheels. This is achieved by changing the gearing ratio between the engine output shaft and the drive shaft.

Drive Shaft

The drive shaft or propeller connects the gearbox and the differential unit. The drive shaft has universal joints at its ends．

Differential

The function of the differential is to split the power received from the propeller shaft to the rear axle shaft. It allows the rear wheels to be driven at different speeds when the vehicle takes a bend or falls into a ditch.

Axles

Axles are the shafts on which road wheels are mounted. The road wheels are provided with the required drive through these axles．

Wheel

The automobile wheels take the load of the vehicle and also produce tractive force to move the vehicle. The wheels are also used for retardation and for stopping the vehicle.

Steering System

The steering system is used for changing the direction of the vehicle .The major requirements in any steering mechanism are that it should be precise and easy to handle, and that the front wheels should have a tendency to return to the straight-ahead position after a turn. A gear mechanism, which is known as steering gear, is used in this system to increase the steering effort provided by the driver. This system makes the vehicle steering very easy as the driver does not have to put in much effort．Vehicle steering is not only required on a curved road but also while maneuvering on the busy traffic roads．The steering system allows the vehicle to be guided i．e．to be turned left or right.

Braking System

Brakes are required for slowing down or stopping a moving vehicle．The braking system may be operated mechanically or hydraulically. 95 percent of the braking systems in use today are of the hydraulic type.

All brake consist of two members．one rotating and the other stationary．There are various means by which the two member call be brought in contact，thus reducing the speed of the vehicle.

The major components of the braking system are：brake pedal, master cylinder, wheel Cylinder, brake pipe，brake shoes．brake packing plant and linkages．As the load on the vehicle and the vehicle speed has increased according to recent trends．in modem days, the importance of the braking system has also increased and power brakes are now being preferred．Power brakes utilize vacuum and air pressure to provide most of the brake————applying effort.

汽车部件

发动机

发动机是一种动力机械设备．它为汽车提供动力。

在大部分汽车发动机中．空气和汽油的混合气体产生的爆炸性能量驱动活动活塞运动。活塞使它们所连接的曲轴转动。曲轴的转动力量使汽车的车轮转动。

一些汽车是由另外一种发动机提供动力的，这种发动机被认为是旋转气门、旋转燃烧或汪克尔发动机。转子发动机也是吸入空气和燃料的混合气，混合气被压缩和燃烧?在一个椭圆形的室内旋转的发动机连接着一个轴，这个轴将最终驱动后面的车轮。大部分汽车中，发动机是架在汽车的前面末端的，离台器和变速箱在它后面，发动帆、离台器和变速箱被装配成一个整体。

发动机工作时有很多系统都是必要的。润滑系统可以减少摩擦并减轻发动机磨损。冷却系统被用来保持发动机的温度在安全范围内。发动机必须有燃油系统保证适当数量的空气和燃料供给。

空气和燃油混合物必须由点火系统在适当的时间在气缸内被点燃。最后，电子系统被用来控制启动发动机用的电动机和为发动机附件提供电能。

润滑系统

发动机有许多最终会被磨损的运动部件，因为它们是相对运动的。发动机使润滑油在这些运动的部件间循环，以避免因金属与金属之间的接触而导致磨损。被润滑过的部件能够因为摩擦减少而容易运动，因摩擦导致的能量损失是最小的。润滑油的第二个功能是作为冷却液和防止泄露。最后，气缸壁上的润滑油薄膜有助于活塞环密封并因此提高发动机的压缩性。

冷却系统

由于燃料与空气在气缸内燃烧，从而使发动机部件温度升高。温度升高直接影响发动机的性能和发动机部件的寿命。冷却系统使发动机工作保持在有效的温度。不管驾驶条件如何，发动机系统被设计成既能防止过热又能防止过冷。

燃料供给系统

燃料供给系统的主要功能是以一定的比例和压力给化油器或喷射系统提供燃料，并在汽车遇到的所有情况下，满足发动机对负载、速度和坡度的需要。燃料系统也必须为汽车行驶几英里保留足够的燃料。

身提供了一个安装框架。车架用方刚或盒形钢铁制造，有足够的强度支撑车身和其他构件的重量。汽车车架通常由一些焊接或铆接在一起的零件构成，从而形成最后的形状。发动机和橡胶垫被圈定在车架上。橡胶垫可以吸收振动，也可以提供这些振动的阻尼减轻乘客由于振动产生的不适。

悬架系统

悬架系统的功能是吸收由于路面不平使车轮上下运动所产生的振动。弹性元件、连接装置和减振器组成了汽车的悬架系统。悬架系统有两种类型：

(1)刚性悬架系统

(2)独立悬架系统

在刚性悬架系统中，弹簧被系在刚性横梁上，这种系统主要被用在商用车辆的前轴和所有类型车辆的车轴上。

独立悬架系统没有一根坚硬的轴。每个车架可以自由做垂直运动而相对应的另一侧车轮没有任何反应。独立悬架系统主要用在小汽车上。

传动系统

传动系把发动机产生的能量传递给车轮。它包括离台器(汽车上用手动变速器)、传动系(一系列的齿轮，把由发动机产生的转矩增强．推动汽车)、驱动轴、差速器和后挢。

离合器

离合器用于手动变速的传动系统。用它暂时把发动机和车轮之间的动力传递分开。当换档或停车时，把传动系和发动机的连接断开是很必要的。

变速籍

变速箱的主要功能是通过发动机把各种必需的扭矩提供给车轮，这是通过改变发动机输出轴和驱动轴两者之阃的传动比来实现的。

驱动轴

驱动轴或叫推动轴与齿轮箱和差动器相连。驱动轴通常在末端具有万向节。

差速器

差速器的功能是把来自传动轴的能量分给后轿。当汽车转弯或掉沟时，它允许后轮以不同的逮度驱动。

车轿

车桥是指用来安装车轮的轴，通过这些车桥向车轮提供必需的驱动力。

车轮

车轮支承着整辆车．并产生牵引力来驱动汽车。车轮也用于减速和停车。

转向系统

转向系统是用来改变汽车方向的，在任何转向机构中最主要的就是转向精确且容易控制，同时前轮在转向后又能自动回正。一个齿轮机构，通常认为是转向齿轮，在这个系统内用来增强由驾驶员提供的转向力，这个系统使得汽车转向非常容易，驾驶员不用费报大的力。不仅仅是在弯曲的公路上需要汽车转向，在交通拥挤的路上也需要巧妙地控制。转向系统使得汽车可以被控制向左或者向右转向。

制动系统

制动用来使车辆放慢速度或者停车。制动系统可以是机械制动或者液压制动。现在用的制动系统95％都是液压型的。

所有的制动系统都包含两种元件，一种是旋转零件，另一种是固定零件，有各种各样方法使得这两个元件相接触而使车辆减速。制动系统的主要组成部分：制动踏扳、主制动缸、车轮制动、制动鼓、制动管路、制动蹄、制动装备和联动装置。随着汽车负载和车速的增大，目前制动系统的重要性也在增大，并且现在人们更喜欢助力制动。助力制动利用真空和空气压力来提供更好的制动力。